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美联储：预算法学硕士：主动知识提炼，高效分类大型文本语料库（英文版）

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly accurate in classification tasks, however, substantial computational and financial costs hinder their large-scale deployment in dynamic environments. Knowledge Distillation (KD) where a LLM ”teacher” trains a s...

2025-12-24 11 6.29MB 26页
国际清算银行：人工智能与发达和新兴经济体的增长：短期影响（英文版）

This paper investigates whether the positive effects of generative artificial intelligence (gen AI) on growth rate of value added differ across countries in the short run. Using an empirical strategy inspired by Rajan and Zingales (1998) and a datase...

2025-12-24 10 1.08MB 23页
国际清算银行：通货膨胀与联合债券外汇跨越之谜（英文版）

We generalize the yield spanning condition in the bond literature to non-linear models and to exchange rates. In standard macro-finance models, no variable should predict yield or exchange rate changes once standard yield curve factors are controlled...

2025-12-24 9 515KB 55页
国际清算银行：中国住房财富效应（英文版）

We estimate the effects of changes in house prices on consumption using unique data of Alipay transactions from Chinese households, spanning from January 2017 to March 2023. We find significant housing wealth effects: changes in house prices are posi...

2025-12-24 9 658.57KB 33页
世界银行：人力资本对当前和未来增长的贡献：世界银行长期增长模型（LTGM-HC）的扩展（英文版）

This paper presents the Long-Term Growth Model–Human Capital Extension (LTGM-HC), a spreadsheet-based tool kit that projects the human capital of the workforce from 2025 to 2100 for 153 countries. The LTGM-HC simulates pre-tertiary years of school...

2025-12-23 22 8.23MB 71页
世界银行：新兴市场和发展中经济体的外部融资：脆弱性差异的故事（英文版）

Over the past two decades, many emerging markets and developing economies have been viewed as increasingly resilient to external financial shocks. This paper assesses whether such resilience is broadly shared across emerging markets and developing ec...

2025-12-23 18 3.74MB 70页
ADB亚洲开发银行：新冠肺炎冲击下尼泊尔群体农业支持的长期效应（英文版）

This paper examines the long-term effects of agricultural support in western Nepal and whether support enhanced farmers’ resilience to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disruptions. From 2014 to 2022, farmers received various combinations of training, i...

2025-12-23 11 752.65KB 55页
ADB亚洲开发银行：最后一英里的学习：来自菲律宾偏远学校计算机辅助教学随机对照试验的证据（英文版）

Although Asian economies have increased access to education, students’ learning often trails grade level expectations. In the Philippines, learning worsened through prolonged classroom closure during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Toget...

2025-12-23 8 753.42KB 35页
世界银行：诱惑、自我控制与最优失业保险设计（英文版）

This paper studies how the unemployment insurance system should be designed when considering costly self-control. The standard optimal unemployment insurance with dynamic moral hazard features declining benefits over the unemployment spell, without a...

2025-12-23 15 648.26KB 77页
世界银行：重新审视公共资本需求：基于效率和拥堵效应的增长最大化投资分析（英文版）

This paper estimates growth-maximizing levels of public capital and investment across countries using a structural framework that accounts for three critical features: public investment efficiency, human capital levels, and congestion effects. A harm...

2025-12-23 16 1.7MB 48页
世界银行：综合社会安全网的中期影响：现金转移、信息会议和家访促进儿童发展（英文版）

Cash transfers are a cornerstone of social protection. This paper evaluates an integrated program in Burkina Faso that combines cash transfers with parenting interventions delivered through group meetings or home visits. In a randomized experiment ac...

2025-12-23 16 1.62MB 89页
未来能源研究所：从风险到回报：野火缓解的保险折扣（英文版）

In 2022, California implemented a major insurance reform requiring insurance companies to provide premium discounts to policyholders who undertake wildfire hazard mitigation, such as installation of fire-resistant roofs, vents, and windows and mainta...

2025-12-23 8 6.79MB 34页
欧洲央行：气候-生物多样性-污染关联：为欧洲工业污染者定价环境信用风险（英文版）

This study examines how euro area banks factor pollution-induced biodiversity risks into lending deci-sions, using data from 832 banks and 5,000 major polluters. Our results show that banks are increasinglypricing these risks by adjusting loan-to-val...

2025-12-23 6 2.59MB 85页
ADB亚洲开发银行：低碳、适应气候变化的医疗保健供应链：高级医疗保健气候行动原则#3（英文版）

The Asian Development Bank (ADB), through its Climate and Health Initiative, is driving collaboration, mobilizing investment and technical expertise, and building and scaling evidence and action for climate and health. The Climate and Health Initiati...

2025-12-23 8 447.32KB 38页
欧洲央行：金融一体化与欧元区货币政策传导（英文版）

We study how financial integration shapes the transmission of monetary policy to consumer prices and output in the euro area. Using local projections, we document that the effect of financial integration is continuous: greater integration systematica...

2025-12-23 12 3.61MB 51页
欧洲央行：欧元区的金融一体化和结构（英文版）

This is the third edition of the European Central Bank’s biennial report on financial integration and structure in the euro area (FISEA). As explained in greater detail when the first edition was released in March 2020,1 it is designed to focus on st...

2025-12-23 10 2.26MB 86页
ADB亚洲开发银行：激励包容性：越南女性主导企业贷款的实验证据（英文版）

In much of Asia, small and medium-sized enterprises that are owned or led by women (WSMEs) face more difficulties accessing credit than those owned or led by men. This raises the question of how to change employee behavior within lending institutions...

2025-12-23 12 312.81KB 48页
世界银行：绘制税收和预算中的性别维度：法律、政策和实践的跨国研究（英文版）

New data from the World Bank’s Women, Business and the Law project shed light on the gender dimensions of taxation and public spending—two key fiscal policy tools that impact economic growth and poverty reduction. This working paper presents new cros...

2025-12-23 17 671.45KB 23页
欧洲央行：T2S自动抵押：好处、条件和功能-欧洲系统交易对手信息（英文版）

The purpose of this document is to provide Eurosystem counterparties and other stakeholders with information on the functioning and benefits of auto-collateralisation in TARGET2-Securities (T2S). T2S is a platform that the Eurosystem provides to cent...

2025-12-23 9 620.96KB 31页
世界银行：让劳动力市场为年轻人服务：一份方法文件（英文版）

Hundreds of millions of young people in the Global South1 face uncertain futures due to poor access to quality education, inadequate skills, and limited employment opportunities. By 2033, the Global South will host 1.2 billion people ages 15 to 24. H...

2025-12-23 15 1.66MB 31页

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