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什么是后训练？大语言模型训练后优化方法综述（英文版）

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has fundamentally transformed natu-ral language processing, making them indispensable across domains ranging from conver-sational systems to scientific exploration. However, their pre-trained architecture...

2025-05-07 9 3.99MB 87页
Rand兰德：数字化能力的概念化-启用北约数字能力系列：第1篇（英文版）

This is the first in a series of three papers exploring the evolving role of digital capabilities in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This paper seeks to develop a clearer conceptual understanding of digital capability, its relationship...

2025-05-07 14 2.09MB 53页
美联储：量化宽松、银行流动性风险管理和非银行融资：来自美国行政数据的证据（英文版）

We show that the effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy is limited by how banks adjust credit supply and manage liquidity risk in response to fragile non-bank funding. For identification, we use granular U.S. administrative data on deposit a...

2025-05-07 13 1.81MB 62页
美联储：没有消息就是坏消息：商业房地产的监控、风险和糟糕的财务业绩（英文版）

As financial intermediaries, banks have a key role in producing information and managing the risks on diverse loan portfolios. An important input into this process is ongoing collection of financial performance from borrowers. Using supervisory data ...

2025-05-07 16 2.66MB 89页
美联储：美国制造业的集聚与分类（英文版）

Using data on U.S. manufacturing plants, I estimate a production function model that includes agglomeration intensity as a component of total factor productivity and allows agglomeration benefits to vary across establishments, which can lead to sorti...

2025-05-07 10 236.23KB 22页
世界银行：参与中低收入国家的养老金计划（英文版）

Low- and middle-income countries are aging rapidly but stagnation of growth in participation in pension programs, due to widespread informal employment, presents a major fiscal challenge. Some claim that improving the design of pension program rules ...

2025-05-07 24 409.37KB 46页
纽约联储：处理的代价：DeFi中的信息摩擦与市场效率（英文版）

This paper investigates the speed of price discovery when information becomes publicly available but requires costly processing to become common knowledge. We exploit the unique institutional setting of hacks on decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols...

2025-05-07 10 1.06MB 32页
纽约联储：广义自回归过程的统一推理（英文版）

A unified theory of estimation and inference is developed for an autoregressive process with root in (-∞, ∞) that includes the stationary, local-to-unity, explosive and all intermediate regions. The discontinuity of the limit distribution of the t-st...

2025-05-07 10 4MB 76页
纽约联储：基于组件的动态因子实时预测模型（英文版）

In this paper, we propose a component-based dynamic factor model for nowcasting GDP growth. We combine ideas from “bottom-up” approaches, which utilize the national income accounting identity through modelling and predicting sub-components of GDP, wi...

2025-05-07 18 4.08MB 37页
Weizenbaum Institute：在民主危机时期对数字平台进行监管-德国和欧盟接下来该怎么做？（英文版）

This paper examines recent changes in the content moderation practices of major social media companies. Digital platforms have become a defining feature of contemporary societies. As their infrastructures increasingly mediate commercial activity, pol...

2025-04-30 20 256.73KB 11页
Weizenbaum Institute：新冠疫情危机、数字化和组织变革（英文版）

The study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the digitalization and organizational changes in companies across different sectors in Germany. The research addresses the extent to which the pandemic accelerated digitalization, the variatio...

2025-04-30 17 464.11KB 29页
Weizenbaum Institute：生成式人工智能与工作的共生（英文版）

The proliferation of generative AI (GenAI) applications in the workplace has led to widespread speculation about the future of work. In this discussion paper, we formulate five theses on the relationship between GenAI and work, based on theoretical c...

2025-04-30 12 344.04KB 12页
Weizenbaum Institute：跨学科团队的成功秘诀是什么？（英文版）

Interdisziplinäre Forschung (IDR) gilt in Themengebieten wie der digitalen Transformation als Schlüssel zur Lösung komplexer gesellschaftlicher Probleme. Trotz ihres Potenzials für innovative Ergebnisse, kollidieren IDR-Anreize besonders in der Teama...

2025-04-30 11 982.56KB 36页
Weizenbaum Institute：工作世界中的两个AI世界（英文版）

Die vorliegende Befragung von 385 Managern und 224 Betriebsräten in besonders KI-affinen Branchen und Betrieben zeigt, dass der Einsatz von KI-Anwendungen dort immer mehr an Dynamik gewinnt. Etwa die Hälfte der befragten Betriebe nutzen mindestens ei...

2025-04-30 18 492.26KB 21页
Weizenbaum Institute：自动化带来的反弹效应（英文版）

This contribution argues for a shift in the paradigms by which we assess the impact of automation on work. The suggested theoretical lens provides an explanation for the paradox of rising employment figures despite continuous automation. Capitalist d...

2025-04-30 14 1.45MB 24页
Weizenbaum Institute：德国的COVID-19和平台工作（英文版）

During the COVID-19 pandemic, when public life was largely brought to a standstill by lockdowns and curfews, the vast presence of last-mile-delivery workers rushing to deliver parcels, grocery shopping or takeaway-meals on the streets of German citie...

2025-04-30 15 329.44KB 10页
Weizenbaum Institute：新冠疫情对农业食品行业中的劳动力和价值链的影响（英文版）

We explore the impact of automation and digitalization on labor in the US agrifood system during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study considers each of the primary nodes in the system stretching from consumer through grocery stores and restaurants to la...

2025-04-30 11 904.85KB 33页
Weizenbaum Institute：科技公司关于平台的被忽视的第二性（英文版）

The unprecedented rise of startups such as Google or Amazon has spurred an ongoing debate on the conceptualization of the corporate model these firms represent. Thus far, attention has centered on the analysis of their product and market strategies h...

2025-04-30 19 429.35KB 22页
Weizenbaum Institute：科学公共领域的结构性转变（英文版）

We are currently witnessing a fundamental structural transformation of the scientific public sphere, characterized by processes of specialization, metrification, internationalization, platformization, and visibilization. In contrast to explanations o...

2025-04-30 14 479.86KB 23页
Weizenbaum Institute：移动媒体使用多维测量（英文版）

Just like all types of media use, mobile media use is usually measured using retrospective, self-reported indications of quanitity in the form of duration and frequency. This is not only problematic due to the fact that people misjudge their own use ...

2025-04-30 17 394.63KB 11页

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