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国际货币基金组织：阿鲁巴的海平面上升与气候适应（英文版）

Sea-level rise presents long-term risks in Aruba that can lead to sizable permanent costs with potentially large macroeconomic and fiscal consequences. Aruba cannot control global sea-level, but it can manage how it affects the country by adapting. U...

2026-01-08 9 1.13MB 20页
国际货币基金组织：阿鲁巴的人口统计及其对劳动力市场和产出的潜在影响（英文版）

: Historically, Aruba benefited from population growth that expanded the labor force, thereby boosting productivity and fostering economic growth—a phenomenon known as the “demographic dividend”. However, declining fertility rates and a rapidly aging...

2026-01-08 11 1.01MB 21页
国际货币基金组织：改善克罗地亚人力资本投资：教育和医疗公共支出的效率（英文版）

Croatia’s public spending efficiency in education and healthcare can be increased. Increased efficiency would free fiscal resources that could be used for fiscal savings and/or improved outcomes. This would require reforms such as consolidating schoo...

2026-01-08 8 4.05MB 69页
国际货币基金组织：评估亚美尼亚的财政框架（英文版）

This paper evaluates Armenia’s fiscal framework, focusing on fiscal rule design and implementation. Despite the 2018 reforms strengthening the Armenia’s fiscal rules, limitations persist: rules are somewhat procyclical and complex, ex-post enforcemen...

2026-01-08 8 846.26KB 23页
国际货币基金组织：气候适应与能源改革：增强博茨瓦纳的宏观经济韧性（英文版）

Botswana faces mounting macroeconomic risks from intensifying climate trends and fiscal strain from electricity subsidies. Rising temperatures, more frequent extreme heat, and longer droughts threaten agricultural yields, labor productivity, and long...

2026-01-08 7 1.25MB 29页
国际货币基金组织：网络风险监管与监督的良好实践（英文版）

The paper synthesizes global experiences and key lessons in the regulation and supervision of cyber risk in the financial sector. It draws on the IMF’s financial stability surveillance and technical assistance work. It underscores the increasing freq...

2026-01-08 8 7.6MB 62页
国际货币基金组织：支持财政整顿的结构性改革（英文版）

Botswana faces growing fiscal challenges driven by declining diamond revenues, rigid expenditure, and weakened fiscal institutions, contributing to elevated fiscal deficits and rising public debt. These pressures underscore the need for timely reform...

2026-01-08 24 586.61KB 19页
元宇宙中NFT数字作品版权保护（英文版）

Non-fungible token (NFT) emerges with the marvelous explosion of the metaverse. NFT digital works are profoundly impacting the existing copyright system, which needs to be amended and responded to in time. There is a possibility that it will complete...

2026-01-06 13 1.03MB 14页
AMRO：泰国汽车电动化转型：对经济增长的短期影响（英文版）

Thailand, Southeast Asia’s leading automotive hub, is undergoing a structural transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs), driven by domestic industrial upgrading ambitions and global decarbonization pressures. Whil...

2026-01-06 12 616.47KB 30页
国际货币基金组织：安道尔的住房负担能力：安道尔公国（英文版）

Housing affordability is an increasing social and economic concern for Andorra. Changing demographics and increasing real estate prices and rents combine to create a housing affordability issue in Andorra. This paper shows a granular analysis of hous...

2026-01-05 9 1.14MB 22页
国际货币基金组织：小型开放经济体的气候变化：以安道尔为例（英文版）

Climate change is macro-critical to Andorra: with (mostly winter) tourism accounting for one third of its economy, Andorra is directly exposed to climate change—shorter winter seasons, declining snow falls, higher costs from artificial snow making ar...

2026-01-05 12 1.14MB 19页
国际货币基金组织：增强马绍尔群岛对自然灾害和气候变化的抵御能力：马绍尔群岛共和国（英文版）

The Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI) faces severe challenges due to its vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters, resulting in economic repercussions such as erosion, flooding, droughts, and damage to essential infrastructure. Leveragi...

2026-01-05 9 1.05MB 19页
生成式人工智能时代的网络搜索特征研究（英文版）

The advent of LLMs has given rise to a new type of web search: Gen erative search, where LLMs retrieve web pages related to a query and generate a single, coherent text as a response. This output modality stands in stark contrast to traditional web s...

2026-01-05 11 3.46MB 24页
世界银行：探索数字技能需求：来自南非、尼日利亚、肯尼亚和乌干达在线职位空缺的关键见解（英文版）

Technological change is transforming labor markets globally and across Africa, reshaping the demand for skills, particularly digital competencies. To remain relevant, education and training systems must adapt to evolving labor market needs, equipping...

2025-12-31 16 5.82MB 66页
美联储：利用项目级数据估算数据中心总投资（英文版）

Data center investment in the U.S. has increased rapidly in the post-pandemic era, and plans for future investment have surged further. Forecasting investment at such a turning point is an important but potentially fraught exercise, especially given ...

2025-12-31 13 376.06KB 27页
纽约联储：存款专业化与借贷行为（英文版）

We examine how banks’ depositor composition shapes lending behavior, using granular supervisory data on deposits, loans, and securities for the largest U.S. banks. Classifying banks by depositor specialization, we find persistent differences in fundi...

2025-12-31 11 3.78MB 44页
国际货币基金组织：被困在中间吗？印尼收入动态评估（英文版）

The middle class can play a pivotal role as a growth driver in achieving Indonesia’s Golden Vision of becoming a high-income country by 2045. However, it remains narrow, at under 20 percent of the total population. It is also highly vulnerable, given...

2025-12-26 13 1.05MB 28页
国际货币基金组织：金融约束与绿色金融政策的有效性（英文版）

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of green financial policies—green credit policies and free emissions allowances—at improving emission efficiency while supporting output. We develop a heterogeneousfirm model with financial constraints and endoge...

2025-12-26 13 1.7MB 58页
国际货币基金组织：生活成本的周期性不平等及其对货币政策的影响（英文版）

This paper documents that households with higher marginal propensities to consume (MPCs) tend to consume goods with more flexible prices. Consequently, they face more cyclical and volatile inflation and experience higher inflation following an expans...

2025-12-26 14 1.98MB 97页
国际货币基金组织：在碎片化的世界中解锁中东和北非和CCA贸易（英文版）

This paper investigates the impact of geoeconomic fragmentation on trade flows in the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions. Amidst ongoing conflicts, security threats, the spike in global economic uncertaint...

2025-12-26 12 782.36KB 26页

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