初三学生面临中考，对英语的学习自然不能松懈。而在初三英语的教学中，存在部分重点和难点，是让很多教师和学生头疼的，下面，我们就一起来学习一下这些重点和难点，为中考打好基础。

一、提出建议并能作出恰当的回答

在第二册第6单元已经学到过用“shall”，“Let’s”和“why not”来提出建议，并作简略回答。

如：

①-Shall we go at ten?

-Good idea!

②-Let"s go at ten?

-OK!

③-Why not go at ten?-All right.

这一单元里，主要学习有关“had better”的用法。“had better+动词原形”表示“最好做某事”，用 来向别人提出建议，其形式可以缩写为“d better”。如：

①You"d better do your homework now.

②We"d better go to school.

“had better”的否定形式为“had better not…”如：You"d better not watch TVnow.

二、学习过去进行时的各种句式

在前一单元里，已经学习了过去进行时的构成和用法，这一单元着重学习它的否定句式、一般疑问句式及 在从句中的用法。

1.过去进行时的否定式在助动词“be(was或were)”后面加上“not”即可。如：

I was not washing clothes last night.

2.过去进行时的一般疑问句式为：助动词“was或were”在句首。如：

—Was Tom writing a letter at seven yesterday?

—Yes,he was.(No,he wasn"t.)

3.在含“when”和“while”(当……时)引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，常有过去进行时，表示一个 动作在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行或发生。这一过去进行时的动作可以出现在主句，也可以出现在从 句中，但要注意的是，用该时态的动词常常是一个持续性动词。如：

①Someone knocked at the door when I was cook-ing

② While we were talking，my mother came in.

③ The twins were sweeping the floor when their mother returned.

另外，含“when”的复合句中，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时的情况下，常包含有“意外”之概 念，如前例③。

三、重点、难点词组和句子的分析

1. You look tired today. (2.17)（你看上去很累。）

该句中的“look”意为“看起来”，是系动词，而在这种系动词后面常用形容词作表语如look young/hap y/old/…等，另外，“look”也可用作实义动词，并且有许多相关词组，如：look at …(看…)look like… (看起来像……)，look the same(看起来很相像)，look for…(寻找……)，look after…(照料/照看 ……)等等。当然，不能再用形容词来作表语或修饰它，如果要修饰，只能用副词。如：

Please look after your watch carefull.

2. A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.(L17)

表示感觉的动词如“see，hear，watch”等以及一些其它动词如“make，let”等，后接不定式作其宾语补 足语时，该不定式前不带“to”。如：

①I’m tired．Let me have a short rest．

②Do you often hear Tom sing this song?

③I saw him go out.(我看到他出去了。)

另外,“see，hear，watch”等还可后接现在分词作其宾语补足语。如：

I heard someone laughing. (我听到有人在笑。)

3．The children were leaving school on Tues-day when they saw a truck． (2．18)

该句中有二点需要注意：

①“were leaving”是过去进行时的形式表示过去将来的动作，即“正要离开……”。在英语中，个别动 词如：“leave，go, come，start”等，它们的进行时形式可以表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。如 ：

Are you going home next week?

②“leave school表示“(学生)离校;毕业”;中间不加冠词。又如;go to school/come to school( 上学)。类似的表达法如： in hospita1(住院)，leave hospital/come out of hospita1(出院)。注意比较下 句中冠词的区别;

His mother often goes to ____the school to seeher son at ______ school.

4.He did not see the bag until it was too late: (L18)

“not…until…” 是“直到 ……才……”如:

①. She won."t go away until you promise, to help her.

②. I didn"t go home until I finished cleaning the classroom.

5. It"s really nice of you. (L18)

该句相当于“It"s very kind of you.”(你真好。)

6. He told her about the accident. (L18) “tell sb. about/of sth.”意为：“告诉某有关某事或 跟某人讲述某事”。如：

Please tell me about your family.

另外, “tell sb. sth./tell sth. to sb.” “告诉某人某事”， “tell sb. todo sth. ”：“叫某 人做某事”。如：

① I told him my name.

② My grandfarther often told us stories when we were children.

③ She told the happy news to everyone.

④ Tell him to wait for me at the school gate.

7. Please hurry up! (L18)

Miss zhao hurried off to look after the man.(L18) “hurry up”; “赶快”;“hurry off”; “匆匆离去”如：

① Hurry up, or you"ll be late for school.

② Tom finished the work and hurried off.

8. Give short answers to these questions.(L20)

一般地，在表示“……的”时，可以用以下四种形式：

① "s: 通常在表有生命的事物后，以“s”结尾的复数名词只加“’”即可。如：

Tom"s coat. Teachers" Day, Children"s Day等。

另外，一些无生命的如表示“时间、城镇”等的名词后，也可加“s"”。如：

Tomorrow"s meeting, the city"s streets, etc.

② of:通常是与无生命事物的名词相连。如：

Parts of China, a photo of my family

③ to:一些表达法已成为习惯，有时我们可理解为配套的事物。如：the key to thedoor, answers to t he questions.

④形容词性物主代词置于名词前。如：my book.

Unit 6. In the library

一、语法：现在完成时(一)

1、构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词

2、主要用法：(一)动作发生在过去，对现在留有影响，可以与到现在为止的时间状语these days, up

to now, recently, in the last two years连用，也可以与一些表示强调的副词aleady,yet,just, before, ever…eg.连用：I have (already) seen the film.

Have you ever been there (before )?

注意：A、动词过去分词的变化有两种，一种与过去式的规则变化一样(即在动词后加ed);另一种为不 规则变化，需要熟读熟记。规则变化如下：

1)动词原形加ed，如：work--worked

2)以e结尾加d，如：like--liked

3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed，如：worry--worried

4)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ed，如：stop--stopped

B.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别在于：一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作和状态，与现在无任何联系 ，时间状语常为：yesterday， last week，3days ago, in 1990; 现在完成时则强调动作与现在的联系、影响 和结果。

eg. Have you seen the film? Yes, I have.

When did you see it? I saw it last week.

二、词汇与句型

have got=have

1.I think I"ve got one. {

has got=has

2.Here you are.这是一种倒装语序，常用在口语中。

Can I use yourpen for a while?

eg.{

Certainly.Here you are.

类似的还有：There goes the bell.

Here comes the bus.

3.Have you seen it anywhere?

anywhere常用于疑问句和否定句;some where表示某个地方，常用于肯定句;no where=not anywhere, e verywhene, 是处处、到处的意思。

eg. I can"t find my pen anywhere.

He has borrowed some money somewhere.

I have looked for my lost bike everywhere.

Where likes them to borrow them.

{

Nowhere.

4.She also likes them to borrow them.

borrow : 借来，借进，与form连用。

词组：borrow sth.from sb.

{

lend:借来，与to连用。词组：

{lend sb.sth.lend sth.to sb.

eg. Whom have you borrowed the bike from?

Can you lend me your bike?

wifh sb.

5.She is very strict, be strict{

in sth.

eg. She is strict in her job.

Our teacher is strict with us.

6.Please be more careful from now on.

from now on:从现在起，还有from tomorrow on, from then on, from next weekon.

7.I have never lost a book before. ago与before都是副词，前者用于过去时，后者用于现在完成时 ，泛指以前。

eg. I lost my pen three days ago.

I haven"t seen such a good film before.

８．We must both thank Lucy !注意both，all，each作同位语的位置：１．放在be动词后；２．放在行为动词前;3.放在助动词与谓语动词中：

eg. We are all students. They have both gone there.

We each have an English book.

9.You must always return your library book on time.

return表示give back, 故后面不再跟back.

on a train

10.｛ by train不能加冠词或任何修饰词,类似的有:in a car,on my bike,

by trainby bus,by bike,by air…

11.……，you must pay for it. pay for sth.“付…的钱，赔偿…”

eg. I paid two yuan for the book.